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In this issue of Eye, Kamalrajah et al report variables affecting presumed infectious endophthalmitis (PIE) after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Two hundred and fourteen PIE cases were identified through the British Ophthalmologic Surveillance Unit reporting card system and 445 controls were collected from 13 'control centres', which were selected by a clustered stratified random sampling procedure. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the use of face masks by the scrub nurse and surgeon, and subconjuctival antibiotics were protective against PIE. Somewhat surprisingly, dedicated eye theatres and consultant grade surgeons had a higher rates of PIE than multispecialty theatre and registrar grade surgeons. The authors pointed out that more in-patients (older and sicker) were operated in dedicated eye theatres. Also, complex cataract surgeries were more likely to be operated by consultants.