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July 2008 marked the 5th-year anniversary of the national implementation of 80-hour work week restrictions for residents. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education instituted work hour restrictions, limiting shift lengths and total hours worked, in response to concerns about fatigued residents and medical errors. The state of New York implemented this change in the 1990s, but all programs across the country had to comply with the restrictions beginning with the academic year of 2003. These regulations brought sweeping changes into residency programs. Many articles have been published addressing the impact of work hour restrictions. Although most of them are surveys, many include data and outcomes that can be examined to explore the effects of the restrictions. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on work hour restrictions, focusing on those publications with data and outcomes rather than survey studies. Results of survey studies have been included only when the articleaddresses a new or interesting aspect of work hour restrictions. The focus will be on four areas: resident quality of life; resident education, including operative volumes; faculty work hours; and patient care.